When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann fled to Switzerland. His older brother was the radical writer Heinrich Mann and three of Mann's six children – Erika Mann, Klaus Mann and Golo Mann – also became significant German writers. Mann was a member of the Hanseatic Mann family and portrayed his family and class in his first novel, Buddenbrooks. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modernized versions of German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Arthur Schopenhauer. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas are noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. Paul Thomas Mann ( UK: / ˈ m æ n/ MAN, US: / ˈ m ɑː n/ MAHN German pronunciation: ( listen) 6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. Erika, Klaus, Golo, Monika, Elisabeth, Michael
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